The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias where people with low ability or knowledge overestimate their competence, while those with high ability tend to underestimate theirs, often because they are more aware of the complexity of the subject. But this paragraph is merely a part of the wider topic. My article aims to show our limited knowledge and always being wrong on something.
Our knowledge, cognitive biases, fallacies, formal fallacies, IQs, talents, creativity, specific mental strategies derived from your IQ make sure we are always wrong on something. The issue is also that you haven’t encompassed the infinite volumes of possible literature, peer-reviewed articles and so on.
Different problem solving
No matter what IQs we have, what education we have been trought, we do solve problems differently. And I don’t mean the aforementioned cognitive biases and so on.
Our specific-solving abilities differ and then 10 highly educated and intelligent people come to different outcomes.
One specific solution may be extremely complex, however, wrong. We may get 10 000 solutions, only one is the correct one while some of the others may be close to the truth.
Two heads are better than one
This idiomatic expression cannot fit this article more. The more people you have, the more version of specific problem solutions you have. Then you can select what is closer to the truth.
Living in denial is utterly wrong
You must live with the notion that you are wrong or unaware of many things. This actually doesn’t downplay your intellectual abilities, you are stronger because you are aware of this limitation.
Analytic philosophy should lead us to one truth
So while we may see ourselves as apostles of truth, we are wrong. Our understanding of this extremely complex world is wrong. Our opinions, world-view, political stances are wrong.
I am fully aware that my articles are always wrong on something, even if the article as a whole is truthful.
While we don’t care about crazy continental philosophy (and I – from this standpoint – unfortunately live in Europe), we must say analytic philosophy is stricter when is comes to the truth.
Analytic philosophy seeks clarity by breaking down complex ideas into logical components, often using language analysis and formal logic. It aims to solve philosophical problems through rigorous argumentation, precision, and empirical relevance. Truth, in this tradition, is usually treated as correspondence—statements are true if they match reality—or coherence—true if they fit within a consistent system. Some strands also explore truth in terms of utility or deflationism, where “truth” merely marks agreement. Analytic philosophers typically avoid metaphysical excess and focus on what can be said clearly, believing that truth is not mystical but assessable through logic, reason, and evidence.
I hate two-dimensional spectrum but who is right?
I cannot detest the two-dimensional spectrum more. But as we say, I may be wrong.
If we assume this crazy spectrum is right and we want the most good for all people, there is no way you can be a right-wing defender.
But as I said you must have the whole population as your target. Of course, the 1 % don’t need police, a single payer system, state schools, they would have their mansions to put a fence around, guarded by private security companies.
You may vote for right-wing party when your income is higher to some degree – this is true. But if we don’t want to be selfish, leftist points of view are the only ones that hold up.
Some people in the post-communist Czech Republic started to claim that if the radical left is wrong (communism), the radical right is the desirable choice. This is really an illogical thinking.
Poverty in the USA
Poverty in the United States affects tens of millions of people across every state, forcing them to survive in a system that demands constant work but offers little stability. Many live in what is known as working poverty—where holding down a full-time job, or even two or three part-time jobs, still does not guarantee the ability to afford rent, food, or transportation. Wages often lag behind rising housing costs, while health insurance remains a luxury that millions go without.
A trip to the emergency room, a broken tooth, or a chronic illness can spiral into overwhelming debt. Parents are forced to choose between feeding their children and buying essential medicine. In many households, adults skip meals so their kids can eat. Others must leave young children unsupervised or in poor-quality care because affordable childcare is virtually non-existent. Long hours and unstable schedules lead to burnout and health problems, while low-income neighborhoods are left with underfunded schools, crumbling infrastructure, and food deserts. Poverty is not just a lack of money—it is a constant state of anxiety, interrupted sleep, and deferred dreams. Entire communities are held hostage by economic policies that prioritize wealth accumulation over human well-being, leaving those at the bottom to struggle for dignity in a nation that too often looks away.
Right-wingers kindly allow people to die
A 2009 study by Harvard Medical School and Cambridge Health Alliance estimated that nearly 45,000 Americans die each year due to lack of health insurance, with uninsured individuals facing a 40% higher risk of death compared to those with private insurance . More recent analyses suggest that as many as 190,000 deaths annually could be linked to inadequate health coverage among adults aged 20 to 64.
If a right-winger believes in IQ or doesn’t believe in free will, he cannot be a right-winger
Believing in right-wing spectrum and believing in the existence of “g factor” (IQ), which is heritable or environmentally given (nobody can influence it) is completely illogical. IQ predicts your attainment, socioeconomic success or morbidity or morality. You cannot choose it.
For those, who believe in free will, this is completely wrong. Of course, we must enforce kind of a prosocial behavior (not allowing murder someone because he or she is sociopath), there are laws, but everything is given. You are a machine devoid of free will, nothing else. Chance of an average citizen to achive to be Bill Gates is laughable (you need an enormously high IQ, talents, and, then unfortunately, connections). But in the world of right-winger, it should be a problem.
Believing in personal God? You are doing something wrong
If we can know that we can know (the opposite opinion is scarce in philosophers’ thinking), there is no way of defending a personal god. Sorry for the 1 % of my readers who believe in it. Personal God just doesn’t exist (250 Arguments for Atheism, Jan Bryxí 2025).
You are always wrong on something, but I am seriously convinced this is not the case. Maybe some believe in Deistic God is acceptable, but really not a personal God.
Reading, mastering cognitive biases, fallacies and formal fallacies
When you read more, are truthfully informed, you gain more knowledge and you can go through it without cognitive biases, fallacies and formal fallacies, this whole magic will navigate you to the right path.
Limited knowledge: You are not an expert, mainstream scientists are
When you don’t know, mainstream science is the core of information. But even it is often wrong in many ways. But at that very moment (except you are a genius), this is the best knowledge we know so far.
Somebody can attribute to non-sense which were backed by “mainstream science”, such as cocaine is good for heroin detox, mercury as medicine, bloodletting as universal cure, worms and parasites for weight loss, frontal sinus removal to treat chronic depression.
But we must be aware that back then, they didn’t rely on evidence much. Current mainstream science is heavily-evidence based. Even though it will always be correcting itself.
Being always wrong: Conclusion
Imagine a situation where you face some problem, you resolved it. And then some real experts (with super high IQs, enormously talented, with tens years of expertise) face your solution. Suddenly, if you are objective, you give up.
But as I said before, even they are wrong on something. Different mental strategies which current psychometrics don’t solve are here.
We are always right and wrong on something, however, we should have the humility to know the fact and act like it.
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